Directorate S cover art

Directorate S

The C.I.A. and America's Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan

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Directorate S

By: Steve Coll
Narrated by: Malcolm Hillgartner
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About this listen

Winner of the 2018 National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction

Longlisted for the 2018 National Book Award for Nonfiction

From the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Ghost Wars, the epic and enthralling story of America's intelligence, military, and diplomatic efforts to defeat Al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan since 9/11.

Prior to 9/11, the United States had been carrying out small-scale covert operations in Afghanistan, ostensibly in cooperation, although often in direct opposition, with I.S.I., the Pakistani intelligence agency. While the US was trying to quell extremists, a highly secretive and compartmentalized wing of I.S.I., known as "Directorate S", was covertly training, arming, and seeking to legitimize the Taliban, in order to enlarge Pakistan's sphere of influence. After 9/11, when 59 countries, led by the US, deployed troops or provided aid to Afghanistan in an effort to flush out the Taliban and Al Qaeda, the US was set on an invisible slow-motion collision course with Pakistan.

Today, we know that the war in Afghanistan would falter badly because of military hubris at the highest levels of the Pentagon, the drain on resources and provocation in the Muslim world caused by the US-led invasion of Iraq, and corruption. But, more than anything, as Coll makes painfully clear, the war in Afghanistan was doomed because of the failure of the United States to apprehend the motivations and intentions of I.S.I.'s "Directorate S". This was a swirling and shadowy struggle of historic proportions, which endured over a decade and across both the Bush and Obama administrations, involving multiple secret intelligence agencies, a litany of incongruous strategies and tactics, and dozens of players, including some of the most prominent military and political figures. A sprawling American tragedy, the war was an open clash of arms but also a covert melee of ideas, secrets, and subterranean violence.

Coll excavates this grand battle, which took place away from the gaze of the American public. With unsurpassed expertise, original research, and attention to detail, he brings to life a narrative at once vast and intricate, local and global, propulsive and painstaking. This is the definitive explanation of how America came to be so badly ensnared in an elaborate, factional, and seemingly interminable conflict in South Asia. Nothing less than a forensic examination of the personal and political forces that shape world history, Directorate S is a complete masterpiece of both investigative and narrative journalism.

©2017 Steve Coll (P)2017 Penguin Audio
21st Century Asia Freedom & Security Middle East Military National Security War Espionage Pakistan United States American Foreign Policy Afghanistan History
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Critic reviews

"[A]journalistic masterpiece...Coll succeeds on all levels.... Coll is masterful at plumbing the depths of agencies and sects within both Afghanistan and Pakistan.... In this era of fake news, Coll remains above it all, this time delivering an impeccably researched history of diplomacy at the highest levels of government in Washington, Islamabad, and Kabul." (Kirkus Reviews, starred)

“With his evenhanded approach, gift for limning character, and dazzling reporting skills, he has created an essential work of contemporary history.” (Booklist, starred)

“The most comprehensive work to date on the US war in Afghanistan.... Coll’s vital work provides a factual and analytical foundation for all future work on the Afghan War and US policy in Central Asia.” (Publisher’s Weekly)

What listeners say about Directorate S

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Detailed account

This book is an excellent account of what went behind closed doors. The war was between ISI and Afghanistan people. I loved every little detail of every event.

Looking forward to reading another book by Coll on what happened between 2016 and August 2021.

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A must read for anyone interested in Afghanistan

I would call it a sequel to author's last book.
very well written and very detailed analysis.
the book gives background to many incidents that happened and I didn't Know the full story of it.
I would highly recommend it.

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Brilliant, educational and thought provoking

Fascinating piece of investigative journalism that really helps to understand Afghanistan's history and present. Together with Ghost Wars, it is a must-read for anyone interested in Afghanistan.

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It was very insightful, informative and detailed.

Lots of names to keep track of, but very enjoyable. I've long been a fan of Steve Coll''s work. A great companion for Ghost Wars.

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Politics is killing innocent people

So, by far this is the longest book I’ve ever listened to, it took a couple of weeks of driving to and from work but I can honestly say the subject matter was excellent. I’ve long been interested in the complexity of The War o Terror, increasingly I want to understand why it’s gone so badly for the West and why there is so much hatred towards what in theory is a honourable quest - the desire to free people from the shackles of extremism.

Whilst honourable it’s clear to me that the intervention isn’t wanted, the People of the Islam resent Western involvement and it is not for the West to dictate another’s way of life.

This books discusses the Politics, the secrets and the back handed dealings of the West and Pakistan, the relationship is a cloak of deceit, The West doesn’t trust Pakistan, nor Afghanistan for that matter and the feeling is mutual but still people die.

Why - I’ll keep reading and listening in the hope that one day the rationale becomes clear.

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Fascinating

A well researched insightful work detailing another failed attempt of a superpower to control Afghanistan

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Filled with facts and beautifully written

As someone aware of the events in Afghanistan and familiar with the characters, I can say that Steve has done it once again. The book starts where his last book, The Ghost Wars, ended. It is filled with facts and details and Steve has access to people and stories that hardly leave close circles. There are some claims, however, that are clearly untrue. For instance, the claim that Massoud had $60million in UK accounts. As a matter of fact, Massoud and the Northern Alliance never had a cash more than $10million dollars at any time of their resistance against the Taliban. In fact, after Massoud's visit to the EU parliament and France, he was promised a sum of more than $50million in the following year which he saw as a green light by the international community to increase the fight and push back the Taliban. This was evident in his post-France visit plans of buying new heavy military equipment, warheads, etc. Including stocks of military uniforms/gears to begin what the process of the creation of the Afghan National Army. Financially he struggled and countries were reluctant to help, this is why the fight remained in the northeast and pockets in central, west and southern Afghanistan. His cash flow was so inconsistent and mediocre that he had to rely on a combination of some foreign assistance, selling of minerals, and donations to make ends meet and feed the resistance fighters. Additionally, it is hard to miss the heroes in of this book. Amrullah Saleh, seems to dominate the first few chapters of the book, he also happens to be a friend of Steve as well as one of his main sources on the inner stories and workings of the Northern Alliance. Nontheless, Saleh has been a prominent character in the Afghan politics atlleast since the 2004 Afghan presidential elections.

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Excellent

A masterclass in investigative writing. In-depth , detailed and sober analysis of the various facets, protagonists and machinations involved

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Thorough picture of the crazy conflict of our time

loved it till the end. hope policy makers heed the mistakes and blunders mentioned in the book.

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exhaustive and exhausting

massively US centric. hugely detailed. highly recommend by me. a mindbending cast of characters, most of whom you would not like to meet on a dark night in Kabul. superbly read.

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