OTD:

In 1066, William the Conqueror landed at Pevensey, beginning the Norman Conquest of England, which reshaped the country's society and governance.

In 1821, the Act of Independence of the Mexican Empire was signed, marking Mexico's official independence from Spanish rule after years of conflict.

In 1924, the League of Nations adopted the Geneva Protocol, banning the use of chemical and biological weapons in response to World War I's horrors.

In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in London, revolutionizing medicine and marking the beginning of the antibiotic era.

In 1960, baseball legend Ted Williams hit a home run in his final at-bat for the Boston Red Sox, ending his career as one of the greatest hitters in history.

In 1978, Pope John Paul I died just 33 days into his papacy, one of the shortest in history, sparking speculation about his sudden death.

In 1994, the sinking of the MS Estonia in the Baltic Sea claimed 852 lives, becoming one of the worst maritime disasters of the 20th century.

In 1995, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat signed the Oslo II Accord, expanding Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza.

In 2000, the Øresund Bridge between Sweden and Denmark was opened, enhancing transportation and economic ties between the two nations.

In 2008, SpaceX launched Falcon 1, the first privately developed rocket to reach orbit, marking a milestone in commercial space exploration.